RADIO.

Public

There are 6 dedicated radio services in the nations: Radio Scotland, Radio nan Gàidheal, Radio Ulster, Radio Foyle, Radio Wales and Radio Cymru. In the UK this is BBC Radio which nearly 35 million people listen to. The BBC offers a portfolio of services aimed at offering listeners the highest quality programmes, whatever their interest or mood.

BBC Radio

The BBC is paid for by the public. Because of this, the BBC provides a variety in radio channels to appeal to all types of listeners, having 17 radio stations in total. Due to this being publicly funded they can spend a lot of money on their programmes, BBC Radio 4 spends £9120 per hour on programmes. This allows them to have a bigger team of people working on each programme, which especially helps for live broadcasting because various people can be in charge of different parts.
BBC also have a huge range of content because it is a public station, they have to provide for all members of the public. They provide local programming from 40 stations in England. Their are different types of music radios to fit to peoples tastes: Radio 1, Radio 1Xtra, Radio 2, 6 Music and Asian Network. Radio 4 provides: Speech, drama, analysis and the arts. Radio 3 targets a older generation with classical music and jazz. 5 live and 5 live sports extra provide News and sports. Radio 4 Extra provide: comedy, drama and children's programming.

Audience reach: National, Regional, Local

BBC Radio includes:

Music radio on Radio 1, Radio 1Xtra, Radio 2, 6 Music and Asian Network
Speech, drama, analysis and the arts on Radio 4
Classical music and jazz on Radio 3
News and sport on 5 live and 5 live sports extra
Local programming from 40 stations in England
6 dedicated radio services in the nations (Radio Scotland, Radio nan Gàidheal, Radio Ulster, Radio Foyle, Radio Wales, Radio Cymru)
Comedy, drama and children's programming on Radio 4 Extra
BBC Radio 4 spends £9120 per hour on programmes

Private

Most commercial stations serve a local or regional area and are owned by one of three groups - Global, Bauer and UTV - which dominate the sector. There are over 300 in the UK, mostly using FM frequencies and DAB. They make money from advertising so don't have as much money to spend on programmers like the BBC do. Most private stations only have a few people working in the station, sometimes it will be limited to a presenter and a producer and some assistants. A commercial Radio spends £27 per hour on programmes as they get most of their funding from advertising.

TFM

TFM is more local as it offers a local news programme in order to be relevant to its listeners. It's targeted more towards a female audience as statistically more females listen to the radio than males.

Audience reach: National, Regional, Local-Capital Fm, Heart, TFM

Most commercial stations serve a local or regional area and are owned by one of three groups - Global, Bauer and UTV - which dominate the sector. There are over 300 in the UK, mostly using FM frequencies and DAB.

Ofcom awarded the first community radio licence in 2004, new stations have launched in areas all over the UK – from inner London to Orkney – each serving a particular community’sneeds.

Community radio stations typically cover small areas, generally up to 5km, and are run on a not-for-profit basis. They reflect a diverse mix of cultures and interests – some catering for whole communities, while others focus on particular areas of interest.

Community

There are about 200 community stations in the UK. There are 3 national commercial stations: talkSPORT, Absolute Radio and Classic FM. Ofcom license stations owned by commercial groups. A commercial Radio spends £27 per hour on programmes as they get most of their funding from advertising.

Ofcom awarded the first community radio licence in 2004, new stations have launched in areas all over the UK – from inner London to Orkney – each serving a particular community’s needs.
Community radio stations typically cover small areas, generally up to 5km, and are run on a not-for-profit basis. They reflect a diverse mix of cultures and interests – some catering for whole communities, while others focus on particular areas of interest.

Audience reach: National, Regional, Local

Ofcom license stations owned by commercial groups. There are about 200 community stations. A commercial Radio spends about £27 per hour on programmes.

Speech programming

News Packages

These are typically a formal type of speech package and tend to be straight forward and unbiased. There purpose are to provide in-depth information on current news. Including information and current affairs. Some are short and sweet programmes slotted inbetween other programmes with a brief outline of current affairs, often reading out current headlines that are relevant to the area of the target audience. Some are longer and go into more detail with interviews on the matters as well as the information.

Listening Diary 1

Name of Station: BBC News
Name of Show: BBC minute
Target Audience: Adults
Genre: News
Style of programme: Formal

Structure of programme: Begins with introducing presenters and then goes on to the two presenters taking turns reading out various news headlines with a very brief description and some contributing sound effects in the background to create an image for listeners.
Contributors: Two News presenters, some inputs from bigger interviews.

Legal/ethical considerations: Must be unbiased, just inform people of the news rather than discuss it as it is to be straight forward and being biased towards anything can cause offense and result in having many complaints. Be aware of the target audience if any sensitive topics are to be mentioned by warning people beforehand.

Factual Packages

These can be formal or informal. Ranging from a programme in the style of discussion, magazine, music sequence, documentary or investigative. Their purpose is to inform but also in many cases to entertain as they can be a bit more adventurous with the sound effects and actuality included to really tell a story and create an image for the audience.


Listening Diary 2Name of Show: Thirty Years Man and Boy - A calmer Chameleon
Target Audience: Boy George fans
Genre: Documentary
Style of programme: informal

Structure of programme: Separated from previous section with the station jingle and introducing presenter. If they talk about a particular song they leave it to play for a while then continue to talk while it quietly plays in the background. The story is told through interviews with various people who have experience with Boy George. Everyone is introduced when speaking apart from Boy George himself.

Contributors: Any legal/ethical considerations: Don't mention personal details of the people they are interviewing.

Listening Diary 2

Name of Station: BBC Radio 1
Name of Show: Big Weekend Special with Dan, Phil, Jack and Dean!
Target Audience: Teens and young adults
Genre: Entertainment
Style of programme: Informal as it is meant to entertain

Structure of programme: Includes Jingle as introduction then introduces where it is and the presenters. There is a narator voice to introduce who will be talking in the package with a music beds and clips of the presenters talking. Then it cuts to the recording of the presenters talking to their guest at the event. It is a live event which they cut too, they introduce the acts and speak to the audience. After music there is a jingle to cut to the talk between Dan, Phil, Jack and Dean.

Contributors: Presenters Dan, Phil, Jack and Dean. All known from vlogging on YouTube. Snoop Dog as guest and bands playing at the event.

Any legal/ethical considerations: Need to be aware of their audience just incase they say something offensive while joking on.

Listening Diary 3

Name of Station: BBC Radio 4
Name of Show: 23 Amazing Reasons this Radio Programme will change your life.
Target Audience: Adults as it keeps stopping to explain what terms in social media mean.
Genre: Documentary

Style of programme: Informal
Structure of programme: Jingle. Introduction includes the presenter trying to get the point across about catching peoples attention in the first 7 seconds but explains that this documentary is about that. Cuts to a cluster of overlapping headlines that you would see online on a daily basis. Every now and then the producer steps in to stop the presenter as a staged peice to explain terms that people may not understand.

Contributors: Presenter speaking about the topic. Producer steps in to cue the presenter to explain terms that listeners may not understand. Other guests to contribute about the topic.
Any legal/ethical considerations: Must be aware when reading out headlines that they are suitable to say on air.

Ethics and Regulation

Producers work to set guidelines to ensure no harm or offence is inflicted on the viewers.
Accurate facts
Unbiased
Privacy / confidentiality (crime reporting)
Stereotyping
Fair representation

OFCOM - Broadcasting CodeOFCOM Regulates TV, Radio, Fixed Line Tele Communications, Mobiles, Postal services and airwaves – wifi. Unlike other regulators, OFCOM don't watch or listen to programmers before they are broadcast, therefor when a person wants to complain about a programme that hasn't yet been broadcast, they would contact the broadcaster directly.

Complaints to OFCOM can be made in writing or by submitting an online complaints form. Each complaint is then assessed against The Broadcasting Code to see if the programme was in breach. If a broadcaster seriously or repeatedly breaches our rules, Ofcom have legal powers to impose sanctions. This could be a substantial fine or even taking away their licence to broadcast. The Broadcasting code applies to TV and radio. It covers the standards in programmes, sponsorship, product placement, fairness and privacy. The Code was drawn up following extensive research amongst viewers, listeners and broadcasters – they received more than 900 responses to a public consultation.

There are 10 sections that make up the Broadcasting Code these are:

Protecting under 18’s
Harm and Offence
Crime
Religion
Due impartiality and due accuracy and undue prominence of views and opinions
Elections and Referendums
Fairness
Privacy
Commercial References in TV programming
Commercial Communications in Radio programming